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• Safety integrity level. The SIS is credited with a certain measure of reliability depending on its safety integrity level (SIL). When it is identified that one function requires SIL, then it should be designed according to the requirements of the safety lifecycle as defined in Jun 13, 2013 · Implementation of a safety system must be evaluated in the context of ALARP. This article at high level briefs IEC61508 based FPGA design methodology and guideline. Automotive safety integrity level (ASIL)-oriented and safety-oriented analyses 1 Scope This document is intended to be applied to safety-related systems that include one or more electrical and/or electronic (E/E) systems and that are installed in series production road vehicles, excluding mopeds. Jun 4, 2013 · Safety Integrity Level Basics Explained. Feb 1, 2018 · The abbreviation for Safety Integrity level is SIL. The ASIL determination activity is required by ISO 26262-3:2011 [1], and it is intended that the process and results herein are Jun 14, 2019 · Safety integrity level (SIL) is a part of an international standard such as IEC 61508 that provides suppliers and end users with a common framework to design products and systems for safety-related applications. While compliance with ISO 26262 is not mandatory, it is the state-of-the-art We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. A SIF may be compromised by systematic failures and/or random hardware failures. SIFs). SIL là thước đo hiệu suất của hệ thống an toàn, xét về xác suất hỏng hóc theo yêu cầu (PFD). carried out upon a real demand. SIL is a measure of the reliability and performance of safety systems to prevent accidents and injuries. ASIL is defined by the ISO 26262 standard, part nine, and is adapted from the Safety Integrity Level (SIL) guidance published in IEC 61508. In order to do so, risk reduction must be quantified and here is where safety integrity levels (SIL) come into play. As someone deeply fascinated by the intricate details and importance of safety standards, I find the world of SIL 3 requirements to be truly captivating. There are four discrete integrity levels associated with SIL: SIL 1, SIL 2, SIL 3, and SIL 4. A risk assessment effort yields a target SIL for each safety function. Safety integrity is considered to be composed of the following two elements: Hardware safety integrity; that part of safety integrity relating to random hardware failures in a dangerous mode of failure. introduced, safety integrity levels have been used as a quantifiable way to establish safety performance targets for SIS systems. Functional Safety (SIL) for Process Instrumentation and Analytics. ). 安全完整性等級（ Safety Integrity Level ，簡稱SIL）是機能安全的一部份，定義為由於安全機能所降低風險的相對水準，或是風險降低後，風險的相對水準。簡單來說，安全完整性等級就是度量安全儀表系統（Safety Instrumented Function，簡稱SIF）所需要的性能。 Jun 19, 2019 · Dalam standar IEC 61508 terdapat 4 level SIL, yaitu: SIL 1 merupakan kemampuan SIF menurunkan risiko dari 0,1 sampai 0,01. The safety integrity level 1 (SIL1) is the lowest one, while the safety integrity level 4 is the highest level. Mar 15, 2024 · Safety Integrity Level (SIL) was one of the key values that allowed customers to form logical and objective comparisons of equipment reliability from various industries. Both ISA and IEC have agreed that there are three levels of safety integrity: SILs 1, 2 and 3. Jan 1, 2014 · In order to determine the required safety integrity level, the expected number of demands on the overfilling protection is calculated in the first place. Nov 9, 2023 · SIL, or Safety Integrity Level, is a measure of the effectiveness of a safety system. 0版が制定された。 these components. Safety integrity is defined in IEC 61508 as 'the likelihood of a safety related system satisfactorily performing the required safety functions under all the stated conditions, within a stated period of time'. May 7, 2015 · J2980_201804. These demands stem from the operational level, which is modelled by the fault tree of Fig. The SIL Level evaluates the tolerable/acceptable rate of an individual device. We can assist with every aspect of SIL analysis, whether you're an OEM, Integrator, Engineering Contractor or Hazard Duty Holder. “Functional Safety” means protection against Apr 1, 2024 · By Ubong Edet April 1, 2024. In such cases, the relevant risks must be reduced to meet the need for safe operation. +44 (0)3300 169924. 11. Thus, it can lead to inconsistent outcomes that may result in conservative SIL's. Safety Integrity Level is a way to indicate the tolerable failure rate of a par- ticular safety function. The SILs are divided into four levels, SIL1, SIL2, SIL3, and SIL4, with SIL4 being the highest level of reliability and SIL1 being the lowest. 99,999 in 100,000), so this convention was ISO 26262 contains a structure for classifying possible risks, called the automotive safety integrity level (ASIL). Nov 1, 2023 · The International Safety Standard IEC 61508, issued by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) in 2000, describes the modern concept of safety and the specifications for safety evaluation in a systematic manner. This fault tree is quantified with the data from Table 11. Jun 14, 2019 · Abstract. The required SIL is determined from a quantitative process hazard analysis (PHA), such as a Layers of Protection Analysis (LOPA). SIL certification identifies all process hazards, estimates the risk of failure and determines that if a failure occurs; that the product will “fail safely. Apr 17, 2024 · Safety Integrity Level (SIL) is a relative level of risk-reduction provided by a safety function, or to specify a target level of risk reduction. Meanwhile, IEC 61508 2nd edition is from, 2010 and the IEC 61511 one from, 2016. This eLearning module is intended as an introduction to the topic of functional safety and safety integrity level, and conveys key concepts and methodological requirements of functional safety based on the international harmonised standard IEC 61511 “Functional safety – Safety instrumented systems for the process industry sector”. In essence, it is a measurement of performance required for a safety instrumented function (SIF). The created SIFs can be reused as safety barriers with event trees. It is the measurement of performance of a safety system under all the stated conditions within a stated period of time. rity, see Figure 3 [7]. ASILs are allocated to the components and subsystems The required Safety Integrity Levels (SILs) were for the first time specified for the industry in general in standard IEC 61508 in 2001, in 2003 followed by IEC 611511 special for the process industry, which was Americanized in 2004 with ANSI/ISA-84. 安全に関わる故障・障害を，システマティック故障（決定論的原因故障）と、確率論的で無作為なランダムハードウェア故障に分類し、安全度水準（SIL:Safety Integrity Level）に応じたリスク低減策（対策）を行う。 2000年にIEC61508の第1. SIL 3 is the third-highest level in the SIL classification, indicating a very high level of risk reduction. W ith the only dif ference that for safety integrity. IEC 62061 / EN IEC 62061 represents a sector-specific standard under IEC 61508. Jun 19, 2015 · The Meaning of Safety Integrity Level (SIL) SIL stands for Safety Integrity Level. 4 Safety integrity level. The standard formulates in detail requirements to be fulfilled for each safety integrity level to be achieved. Safety integrity level 1 (SIL1) is the lowest level of safety integrity. , 1 in 100,000 vs. The safety integrity level (SIL) provides a target to attain for each safety function. IEC standards specify four possible Safety Integrity Levels (SIL 1, SIL 2, SIL 3, SIL 4) as shown in table 1; however, ISA S84. Subscribe. The ASIL determination activity is required by ISO 26262-3, and it is intended that the process and results herein are consistent The concept of safety integrity levels (SILs) was introduced during the development of BS EN 61508 (BSI 2002) as a measure of the quality or dependability of a system which has a safety function - a measure of the confidence with which the system can be expected to perform that function. SIL, or Safety Integrity Level analysis involves carefully defining tolerable risk, determining target integrities for different hazards, and designing safety functions and systems to meet the required integrity. 01 only recognizes up to SIL 3. 9. 001 for the specific shutdown function as a whole. In summary, SIL can be seen as a quantitative measurement of performance. Presented below is an equation for PFD of a single element system. Buy. For any given design the achieved SIL is evaluated by three measures: 1. 01 and 0. Jul 17, 2017 · There are four discrete integrity levels associated with SIL: SIL 1, SIL 2, SIL 3, and SIL 4. The higher the SIL level, the higher the associated safety level, and the lower probability that a Safety Integrity Level (SIL) and Performance Level (PL)—History and Distinction. For now, let’s just take it as a well established equation: P F D = 1 − e − λ t \begin{equation} PFD = 1-e^{-\lambda t} \end{equation} PF D = 1 − e − λ t Dec 30, 2023 · Safety Integrity Level (SIL) is a crucial concept in the field of functional safety that assesses the reliability of safety systems to mitigate risks and prevent hazardous incidents. This article provides a general overview of SIL and its uses in industry. A determination of the target Safety Integrity Level Sep 15, 2021 · SIL là viết tắt của Safety Integrity Levels – Tạm dịch là Mức độ toàn vẹn an toàn. Safety Integrity Level ( SIL; Stupeň integrity bezpečnosti) je čtyřstupňová škála integrity bezpečnosti. SIL 1 - represents the integrity required to avoid relatively minor incidents and is likely to be satisfied by a certain degree of fault tolerant design using guidelines that follow good practice. Students will be better able to save their companies time and money by Safety Integrity Level (SIL) “Safety integrity level (SIL) is defined as a relative level of risk-reduction provided by a safety function, or to specify a target level of risk reduction. Jul 11, 2013 · So what does Safety Integrity Level actually mean? Various people have various ideas in their heads when it comes to SIL. Aug 13, 2020 · An Automotive Safety Integrity Level (ASIL), according to the ISO 26262 standard, is defined as one of four levels to specify an item or element’s necessary ISO 26262 requirements and safety measures as they apply to avoid an unreasonable risk – Level D represents the most stringent requirements, and Level A represents the least stringent. The science fiction version is bounded by a belief that SIL describes the absolute performance of the Safety Instrumented System (SIS) in terms of potential incidents. Follow. The safety integrity is the probability that the system will perform the required safety-related function under all defined conditions within a specified period of time. Delivering real business benefits across key segments. Hazards that can occur more frequently or that have more severe consequences will have higher SIL Levels. Aug 8, 2015 · A Safety Integrity Level (SIL) is a statistical representation of the integrity of the SIS when a process demand occurs. Such systems are referred to as Safety Instrumented Systems. If such a hazard exists, the associated risks must be mitigated to meet the need for safety. Safety integrity level (SIL) looks at failures of protection systems and the consequences of those failures. The higher the SIL level, the lower the probability of failure on demand for the safety system and the Safety Integrity Level หรือ SIL คือเลขโดยมีค่าตั้งแต่เลข 1 ถึง4 โดยเป็นเลขที่บอกถึงระดับความสามารถของระบบรักษาความปลอดภัยที่ใช้ป้องกันการ May 26, 2011 · Performance Levels are only referenced in one standard, ISO 13849. The higher the SIL level, the lower the Functional safety in accordance with IEC 62061. They determine the performance required to maintain and achieve safety — and the probability of failure. ISO 26262, originally established in 2011 and updated in 2018, proposes process and design integrity recommendations covering the full product life cycle for road vehicles. SIL 1 značí nejnižší úroveň integrity a SIL 4 nejvyšší úroveň integrity. In the first place, this only seems to make the topic more complicated to Discrete level (one out of four) allocated to the SIF for specifying the safety integrity requirements to be achieved by the SIS. Every component in an instrument must Part 9: Automotive safety integrity level (ASIL)-oriented and safety-oriented analyses. 01 and IEC 61508 to measure the reliability of SIS. SIL is a relative level of risk reduction provided by a safety function. Speaking of ways to rate systems for use in today’s safety applications, the acronyms SIL (safety integrity level), PL (performance level), and SILCL (SIL claim level) come to mind. To determine the SIL value using a Risk Matrix, you must: Specify the SIL Threshold values. To generalize how SIL Level is determined, see Figure 1. Quy ước này được chọn dựa trên các con số: dễ dàng hơn để diễn đạt xác suất hư hỏng An SIS performs a safety instrumented function (SIF). The concept of SIL is integral to the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) standard IEC 61511, which provides guidelines for the design, installation, and operation of safety instrumented systems. Components are now sourced from multiple markets. Safety Integrity Level (SIL) is an analysis or measurement of performance required for a Safety Instrumented Function (SIF) to maintain or achieve a safe state. of safety function the term performance level The risk graph is one of the most popular methods used to determine the safety integrity level for safety instrumented functions. In simple terms, SIL is a measurement of performance required for a safety instrumented function (SIF). If you are questioning whether your company should be requesting SIL 3 capabilities and what the benefits are, then let the ETC experts help to clarify the Jan 31, 2019 · IEC 61508. The SIL is therefore a relative measure of the probability that the safety system can correctly provide the required safety functions for a Feb 24, 2023 · Safety integrity level (SIL) is a measure of the probability of failure of a safety system or safety function to perform its intended safety function. Safety Integrity Levels are referenced in IEC 61508 and all the other standards derived from it. A key goal is to provide the industry with an automotive-specific, risk-based approach for determining risk classes – the ASIL, or Automotive Safety Integrity Level. Clause 9 finally introduces us to the Automotive Safety Integrity Level (ASIL) and how to evaluate it. Foreword. e a 1 in 10000 chance of failing when used. This SAE Recommended Practice presents a method and example results for determining the Automotive Safety Integrity Level (ASIL) for automotive motion control electrical and electronic (E/E) systems. IEC standard 61511 is a technical standard which sets out practices in the engineering of systems that ensure the safety of an industrial process through the use of instrumentation. In order to accomplish the goal of designing and developing dependable automotive systems, ISO 26262 uses the concept of Automotive Safety Integrity Levels (ASILs), the adaptation of Safety Integrity Levels. Safety Integrity Level (SIL) & Performance Level (PL) Certification. This guide covers the definitions, criteria, methods, challenges, and applications of SIL based on IEC 61508 standard. To overcome this difficulty, a the safety integrity level, the higher the probability that the required safety instrumented function (SIF) will be. Aug 1, 2018 · Standard IEC 61508 defines 4 performance levels for the safety functions. The assignment of the target SIL is a decision requiring the extension of the Hazards Analysis. SIL 3 memiliki rentang penurunan risiko sebesar 0,001 hingga 0,0001, dan. Jul 27, 2020 · Learn what SIL means and how to calculate it for process industries. e. 2 Normative Aug 1, 2016 · One of the main objectives of functional safety analysis is determining of required safety integrity level (SIL) for the safety-related fun`ctions to be realized by safety-related systems. A brief PDF guide and related video explain SIL certification of products and SIL levels of protection. It’s possible to derive this, but we’ll do that another time. Simply stated, SIL is a quantification of the level of risk reduction or more precisely, SIL is the quan- The SIL rating refers to the reliability of a safety function, not to individual components of a system nor to the entire process itself. Safety Integrity Level (SIL) and more specifically, SIL 3, is a topic that comes up with increasing regularity when we speak to clients about the development of safety-critical systems. The SIL level number Basic Knowledge on Safety Integrity Level (SIL) and Performance Level (PL) Technical equipment can pose a safety risk so dangerous that people should not be exposed to the equipment. This SAE Recommended Practice presents a method and example results for determining the Automotive Safety Integrity Level (ASIL) for automotive motion control electrical and/or electronic (E/E) systems. d. Jaisa ki koi b instrument ik SIL protection ke sath aata h or uski realiabl Safety integrity level 4 (SIL4) is the highest level of safety integrity and safety integrity level 1 (SIL1) is the lowest level. g. An over-pressure protection system on a chemical reactor process with a SIL rating of 2, for example, has a Probability of Failure on Demand between 0. SIL 4 memiliki kemampuan reduksi risiko 0,0001 hingga 0,00001. The ISO standard specifically states that the Apr 11, 2018 · ISO 26262, titled Road Vehicles–Functional Safety, is the new automotive functional safety standard for passenger vehicle industry. 2) requires: - ‘A description of all the safety instrumented functions necessary to achieve the required functional safety’ - ‘The safety integrity level and mode of operation (demand / continuous) for each Apr 29, 2024 · A fundamental part of the functional safety framework is to evaluate if these safety functions require a specific Safety Integrity Level (SIL) to ensure safety or freedom from unacceptable risk. 00. A high-likelihood failure that results in a high-consequence failure would warrant increasing the SIL. A SIF shall be fit for purpose preventing the identified hazard. Nov 22, 2020 · Safety Integrity Level Calculation: Basic Equation. 2. Sep 6, 2023 · Learn what SIL is, why it is important, and how to calculate it for safety systems in various industries. These four safety levels are the safety integrity level (SIL) defined by the standards. In other words, it is an assessment that ensures there is little risk to operators in the event of a failure in plant machinery and automated equipment. At Velosi, we understand that it is crucial to perform a statistical measurement of how likely a process or a system is to be operational and ready to serve the function for which it is The standards, IEC 61511:2017 and IEC 61508:2010, define the criteria for Safety Instrumented Functions (abbr. clearly identify each safety function in terms of its functionality and its target SIL. Safety integrity level (SIL) is a part of an international standard such as IEC 61508 that provides suppliers and end users with a common framework to design products and systems for You can assess the Safety Integrity Level (SIL) of an instrumented function using the standard GE Digital APM Risk Matrix interface to select the risk rank values for specific categories of risk. Standards require the assignment of a target SIL for any new or retrofitted SIF within the SIS. 7. A basic SIL level would have a single input to a safety decision. The ASIL rating system reflects a list of safety risks that have been identified and quantified for various automotive functions. 01-2004 (n. Oct 6, 2021 · The Meaning of Safety Integrity Level (SIL) SIL stands for Safety Integrity Level. Jan 27, 2022 · This video explains the qualitative and quantitative methods to find Safety Integrity Level (SIL). Here you find all important information for our Functional Safety devices: Products, Certificates, Manufacturer Mar 1, 2016 · This safety related function is evaluated in terms of safety integrity, which according to Rausand and Hoyland (2004), is classified into four discrete levels called Safety Integrity Level (SIL). According to Wikipedia, a safety integrity level (SIL) is defined as a relative level of risk reduction provided by a safety function, or to specify a target level of risk reduction. It must be possible to quantify (and measure) risk reduction in order to Safety Integrity Level is a quantitative measure of the reliability of a safety instrumented system (SIS) in a process facility. Hello Dosto,is video me maine Safety Integrity Level (SIL) ke bare me bataya hai. Through an ASIL rating, a manufacturer can demonstrate that a particular Safety integrity level (SIL) is risk analysis associated with industrial equipment safety systems. Plant and machinery can pose risks that are so dangerous that people and the environment should not be exposed to them under any circumstances. On this basis, the EN 50129 railway transportation safety standard and safety integrity level(SIL) are established. // CONTACT us. It is easier to express the probability of failure rather than that of proper performance (e. The higher the number of the safety integrity level (SIL), the higher the reduction of the risk. SIL study is also one among the safety studies that is carried out to prevent hazard in method industries. The standard details the requirements necessary to achieve each safety integrity level. Hardware and software safety systems in the industrial sector are becoming increasingly complex. It is a metric used to measure the level of integrity to be achieved by Elect About Safety Integrity Level (SIL) The SIL value is a measure of the reliability and availability of a safety system. The SIL module, a Safety Integrity Level calculation software, can be used to evaluate the temporal indicators for each component (sensors, solver and actuators) of the Safety Instrumented Function (SIF). There are 4 levels and they are roughly an order of magnitude apart so that for many process control applications a SIL 1 safety function will give a risk reduction of 10, SIL 2 100, SIL 3 1000 and SIL 4 10000. SIL ratings correlate to the frequency and severity of hazards. Introduction. In SIL (Safety Integrity Level) is a key concept in the field of Functional Safety. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. Some think it is related to how safe a system actually is, some think the more redundant components a system has the higher the SIL rating, yet another person may think it is agrade allocated by a certifying body or authority. The new edition of IEC 62061 was published in 2021. A SIL is a measure of safety system performance, in terms of probability of failure on demand (PFD) - i. Safety Integrity Level abbreviated as “SIL” is one of the safety studies carried out to prevent hazards in process industries. The SIL requirements are verified during the design Safety integrity level (SIL) is defined as a relative level of risk-reduction provided by a safety function, or to specify a target level of risk reduction. Table of contents. LOPA is a quantitative method for determining the SIL level for the safety system. SIL(Safety Integrity Level) The safety integrity level (SIL)is a benchmark for the safety integrity of a system. According to IEC 61508 to each SIL (1/4) the interval probabilistic quantitative criterion is defined. The standard provides an automotive safety lifecycle and supports tailoring the necessary activities during these lifecycle phases. Jan 1, 2013 · uses qualitative method based on risk graph to evaluate safety integ-. Similar to the IEC 61508 Safety Integrity Level (SIL), the goal of the ASIL calculation is demonstrate that the probability of random failures is sufficiently low to meet the safety goal. ASIL stands for Automotive Safety Integrity Level, and it is a risk classification system for functional safety of road vehicles. But ISO 13849 is pivotal because of its role in the new Machinery Directive, so it is quickly making EN 954 obsolete, along with the safety “categories” referenced in EN 954. What are Safety Integrity Levels? Safety integrity levels, or SILs, are used to specify the required reliability of safety functions in machinery applications. It is used in both ANSI/ISA-S84. These are called safety integrity levels. The title of the standard is “Functional safety Mar 19, 2015 · Safety Integrity Level is a way to describe the reliability of an automated safety instrumented function. It is also used in BS IEC 61511 (BSI 2003), the process Mar 18, 2020 · The safety integrity level, or SIL for short, is an indicator that makes risk reduction quantifiable. There are four integrity levels, i. Oct 5, 2015 · The Safety Integrity Level (SIL), was designed to be a short hand to represent the results of complex analysis but it is still only a part of an overall lifecycle approach to functional safety. We’ll understand how it relates to a HAZOP and LOPA A higher SIL Level means a greater process hazard and a higher level of protection required from the SIS. Each SIL, in turn, is defined by an equivalent order of magnitude band of Probability of Failure on Demand (PFDavg) value presented in Table 1 . There are four SILs — SIL 1, SIL 2, SIL 3, and SIL 4. SIL Level is a function of hazard frequency and hazard severity. Note 3 to entry: This term differs from the definition in IEC 61508–4 [2] t o r eflect d ifferences i n p rocess sector terminology. SIL 2 memiliki kemampuan menurunkan risiko dari 0,01 hingga 0,001. Functional safety. May 21, 2024 · Still to address and handle the functional safety requirements and to comply with SIL (Safety Integrity Level) requirements, a well-defined FPGA design process is essential starting from requirement capture to design implementation using EDA tool. Advanced Safety Integrity Level (SIL) Selection (EC52) builds upon the foundation set in ISA's Safety Instrumented Systems: A Lifecycle Approach (EC50) and explores examples of SIL selections through different techniques and determinations of risk reduction requirements. 3. Jul 15, 2020 · ASIL-D represents the highest level of risk management, so components or systems that are developed for ASIL-D are made to the most stringent safety requirements. 1 Scope. Siemens offers various process instrumentation and process analytics devices with Safety Integrity Level (SIL) classification according to IEC 61508 and IEC 61511. However, conventional risk graph as described in the IEC 61508 standard is subjective and suffers from an interpretation problem of risk parameters. The integrity level of a SIF, defined as SIL 1, 2, 3 or 4, provide risk reduction. Source: ISO/TR 12489:2013 (E), Global Standards. Glossary. A SIL is a way of quantifying the level of safety that is either expected or required. Feb 1, 2000 · T he perception of Safety Integrity Level (SIL), as related to ANSI/ISA S84. SIL provides a scientific and numeric approach to specifying and designing safety systems, enabling risk of failure to be quantified. 8. safety integrity level 4 (SIL4) is the highest level. SIL is AN instrumented safety system that’s designed in accordance with the IEC 61508 and IEC 61511 standards. Specifically, IEC61511-1 (clause 10. A SIL is a measure of safety system performance, in terms of probability of failure on demand (PFD). ”. The ISO standard specifically states that the Safety performance criteria for SIS is defined by Safety Integrity Level (SIL) of the known loop. 01-1996 and IEC 61508, currently exists somewhere between science fiction and marketing. A safety integrity level (SIL) is defined as 'a discrete level (one of four) for a specifying the safety integrity requirements of safety Understanding Safety Integrity Level IEC 61511. It may be Sep 4, 2022 · Safety Integrity Level (SIL) คือ ระดับของระบบป้องกันอันตราย Safety Instrument Function (SIF) คือ หน้าที่การทำงานของเครื่องมือวัดที่ใช้ทำงานในระบบความปลอดภัย Dec 18, 2019 · A Safety Integrity Level (SIL) is a standardized tool utilized by plant owners and operators to quantify safety performance requirements for hazard operations and assess the level of risk reduction provided by a Safety Instrumented Function. SIL provides a quantitative measure of the effectiveness of safety functions, ensuring that the required risk reduction targets are achieved. Používá se jako prostředek přiřazení kvalitativních hodnotících přístupů (pro vyloučení systematických poruch) ke kvantitativnímu The IEC 61508 specifies 4 levels of safety performance for a safety function. May 7, 2015 · J2980_202310. It describes the implementation of safety-related control systems on machinery and examines the whole lifecycle from the concept phase through to decommissioning. uz jp nw ca bl co pl dj lm st